With HAMD as the standard, PHQ-9 depression scores of 7, 15, and 21 points were used as cut-offs for mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. PHQ-9 total score showed a positive correlation with HAMD-17 total score (r = 0.610, P < 0.001). Principal components factor analysis showed good construct validity of the PHQ-9. The correlation between total score and scores for each item and the correlation between scores for various items were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. The internal concordance coefficient and the test-retest correlation coefficients were used for reliability analysis. For validity analysis, the construct validity and criterion validity were assessed. Two weeks after the initial evaluation, 54 randomly selected patients underwent repeat assessment using PHQ-9. One hundred nine outpatients or inpatients with MDD who qualified the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria completed PHQ-9 and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). To assess the reliability and validity of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to assess the feasibility of its use in psychiatric hospitals in China.
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